Younger forests in coves are tuliptree monocultures. Small patch of ola growth overhill (STCO.4). Forests are sub-mesic, even on warmest aspects, due to fine textured soils (?);Convex, south facing shoulder on terraced slope. Forest is dominated by medium - large oaks (white, red, chestnut). Subcanopy is strongly dominated by sugar maple, some reaching the canopy. Shrub layer confined to >2m and 0.2 m ~ middle layers probably browsed out by deer. Herb layer is dominated by sedges.